This Useful graphic demonstates two aspects of sailing terms that appear in novels, expressions such as steering "North East by East" (NE x E) and what is meant by "Full and By" etc.
The outer circle shows a 32 point compass rose such as might be found in a binnacle.
The other graphics are based on the wind direction from top to bottom and you can see the angle of the ship and the yards to the wind that will achieve the relevant point of saling.